NASA’s Mariner 4 Probe Captured 1st-ever Up-close Look at Mars 60 Years Ago Written 15 July 2025

SPACE reports, “Some of NASA’s earliest planetary missions, Mariners 3 and 4 were planned and executed by a group of pioneering scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and its associated NASA field center, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). NASA was a brand-new agency when the planning for the first Mars flyby was begun a few years earlier, but the core science team had been working together at Caltech for years.”
Full Story (SPACE)