Space Launch System’s Boeing Stages Integrated Product Team lead. The SLS IPT lead includes all of the core stage propulsion, M&P, and design systems. Have previously been the ICPS (2nd stage) chief engineer. Prior to SLS I’ve worked on GPS III ground systems, Delta rocket propulsion manager, future combat system’s system engineering manager, space station and other proprietary satellite programs. I have a BS+MS+ED in Mechanical Engineering from Oregon State / UCLA respectively and post bachelorette in physics from UC-Irvine.
People Category: Monday Sessions
Kathleen Howell
1982 – Hsu Lo Distinguished Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Degrees
B. S., Iowa State University, Aerospace Engineering, 1973
M. S., Stanford University, Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering, 1977
Ph.D., Stanford University, Aeronautical & Astronautical Sciences, 1983
Contact
701 W. Stadium Ave.
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045
Office: ARMS 3235
Office Phone: +1 765 49-45786
Email: [email protected]
Webpage: https://engineering.purdue.edu/people/kathleen.howell.1/
Interests
Orbit mechanics
Spacecraft dynamics, control
Trajectory optimization
Awards and Major Appointments
Fellow, AIAA 2013
W.A. Gustafson Award for Outstanding Teaching 2012
Inducted into Iowa State University Department of Aerospace Engineering Hall of Fame 2011
A.A. Potter Award, Purdue University, 1984 and 2011
College of Engineering Leadership Award, Purdue University 2010
Fellow, American Astronautical Society
American Astronautical Society (AAS) “President’s Recognition Award”: For Technical Achievement and Contributions to the Society and the Profession, August 2007
John V. Breakwell Memorial Award, International Astronautical Federation, IAC Astrodynamics Symposium, IAF World Congress, Hyderabad, India, 2007
Named as one of ’50 Most Important Women in Science’ by Discover Magazine, Nov. 2002
Dirk Brouwer Award, AAS, 2004.
The Elmer F. Bruhn Teaching Award, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1995, 2002, 2005, 2010
‘Best Paper’ Award at three AAS/AIAA conferences
TRIANA Mission Achievement Award, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 2002
Presidential Young Investigator Award 1984, presented by Ronald Reagan
Research Areas
In the area of astrodynamics, the complex missions envisioned in the next few decades will demand innovative spacecraft trajectory concepts and efficient design tools for analysis and implementation. In support of such plans, current research efforts focus on spacecraft navigation and maneuver requirements, and mission planning, both in the neighborhood of the Earth and in interplanetary space. Some sample projects are mentioned below.
Much recent research activity has involved libration point orbits in the three- and four-body problems. The n-body problem in orbital mechanics generally considers trajectory solutions when (n-1) gravity fields are significant. Spacecraft in the vicinity of libration points thus operate in an environment in which gravity forces due to two or three (or more) celestial bodies may result in trajectories that appear as three-dimensional, quasi-periodic Lissajous paths. Such three-dimensional trajectories are of considerable interest in connection with any future lunar operations. In the near term, missions involving libration point satellites are included in a number of programs that the U. S. is planning with international partners. Technical studies involve trajectory design and optimization including optimal control strategies for out-of-plane motion in consideration of communication and other operational specifications. Analyses of station-keeping requirements for such trajectories are also currently under study.
The subject of optimal transfer trajectories is of considerable importance and rapidly growing in complexity as well. New types of problems now facing mission designers render standard optimization strategies inadequate, particularly for application in the n-body problem. Nominal transfer trajectory determination and optimization is the focus of an expanding investigation. Various projects range from development of new computational techniques to application of geometric nonlinear dynamical systems theory to these problems.
A related problem of interest involves Earth orbiting vehicles that repeatedly pass close to the Moon. Such trajectories use lunar gravity to effect trajectory changes. Not only can such a swingby aid in minimizing mission fuel requirements, it also creates trajectory options that may otherwise be impossible. Analysis is complicated, however, by the strong solar perturbation. Multi-conic analysis has proven promising and work is continuing to develop tools to make optimal trajectory design efficient and accurate. Design strategies can also be extended to other multi-body systems. Such applications are under considerations as well.
Publications
Folta, D., Woodard, M., Howell, K., Patterson, C., and Schlei, W., “Applications of Multi-Body Dynamical Environments: The ARTEMIS Transfer Trajectory Design,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. xx, 2012, pp. xxx-xxx, available online http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.11.007.
Craig Davis, D., and Howell, K., “Characterization of Trajectories Near the Smaller Primary in the Restricted Problem for Applications,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 35, No.1, January-February 2012, pp. 116-128.
Howell, K.C., Davis, D.C., and Haapala, A.F., “Application of Periapse Maps for the Design of Trajectories Near the Smaller Primary in Multi-Body Regimes,” Journal of Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Special Issue: Mathematical Methods Applied to the Celestial Mechanics of Artificial Satellites, Vol. 2012, Article ID 351759, doi:10.1155/2012/351759. (Invited for submission)
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Investigating the Design Space for Solar Sail Trajectories in the Earth-Moon System,” The Open Aerospace Engineering Journal, Vol. 4, 2011, pp. 11-29.
Craig Davis, D., and Howell, K., “Trajectory Evolution in the Multi-Body Problem with Applications in the Saturnian System,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 69, 2011, pp. 1038-1049. (Invited) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.007.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Numerical Techniques for Generating and Refining Solar Sail Trajectories,” Advances in Space Research (ASR) Special Issue: “Solar Sailing: Concepts, Technology, Missions,” Vol. 48, Issue 11, 2011, pp. 1848-1857. DOI information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.04.012
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Generating Solar Sail Trajectories in the Earth-Moon System Using Augmented Finite-Difference Methods,” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 2011, Article ID 476197, 13 Pages, DOI information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/476197
Ozimek, M., and Howell, K., “Low-Thrust Transfers in the Earth-Moon System Including Applications to Libration Point Orbits,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 33, No. 2, March-April 2010, pp. 533-549.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., and Howell, K.C., “Design of Optimal Low-Thrust Lunar Pole-Sitter Missions,” Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 58, No. 1, January-March 2010.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., and Howell, K., “Advanced Modeling of Optimal Low-Thrust Pole-Sitter Trajectories,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 67, No. 7-8, October- November 2010, pp. 991-1001. (Invited) DOI information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.04.024
Ozimek, M., Grebow, D., and Howell, K., “A Collocation Approach for Computing Solar Sail Lunar Pole-Sitter Orbits,” The Open Aerospace Engineering Journal, Vol. 3, 2010, pp. 65-75.
Howell, K. and Millard, L., “Control of Satellite Imaging Formations in Multi-Body Regimes,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 64, Nos. 5-6, March-April 2009, pp. 554-570, DOI information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.10.008
Yam, C., Craig Davis, D., Longuski, J., Howell, K., and Buffington, B., “Saturn Impact Trajectories for Cassini End-of-Mission,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 46, No. 2, March-April 2009, pp. 353-364.
Ozimek, M., Grebow, D., and Howell, K., “Design of Solar Sail Trajectories with Applications to Lunar South Pole Coverage,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 32, No. 6, November-December 2009, pp. 1884-1897.
Millard, L., and Howell, K.C., “Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Spacecraft Imaging Arrays in Multi-Body Regimes,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 63, Nos. 11-12, December 2008, pp. 1283-1298. DOI information: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.05.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., Howell, K., and Folta, D., “Multi-Body Orbit Architectures for Lunar South Pole Coverage,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 45, No. 2, March-April 2008, pp. 344-358.
Millard, L. and Howell, K., “Control of Interferometric Spacecraft Arrays for (u,v) Plane Coverage in Multi-Body Regimes,” Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 56, No. 1, January-March 2008.
Marchand, B., Howell, K., and Wilson, R., “An Improved Corrections Process for Constrained Trajectory Design in the n-Body Problem,” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 44, No. 4, 2007, pp. 884-897.
Howell, K., Beckman, M., Patterson, C., and Folta, D., “Representations of Invariant Manifolds for Applications in Three-Body Systems,” Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 54, No. 1, January-March 2006, pp. 69-93.
Howell, K.C., and Kakoi, M., “Transfers between the Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth Systems using Manifolds and Transit Orbits,” Acta Astronautica, Vol. 59, 2006, pp. 367-380.
Marchand, B.G., and Howell, K.C., “Control Strategies for Formation Flight in the Vicinity of the Libration Points,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 28, No. 6, November-December 2005, pp. 1210-1219.
Howell, K.C., and Marchand. B.G., “Natural and Non-Natural Spacecraft Formations Near the L1 and L2 Libration Points in the Sun-Earth/Moon Ephemeris System,” Dynamical Systems: an International Journal, Special Issue: “Dynamical Systems in Dynamical Astronomy and Space Mission Design,” Vol. 20, No. 1, March 2005, pp. 149-173. (Invited and Refereed)
Books Edited
Crassidis, J., Junkins, J.L., Markley, L., and Howell, K.C., Proceedings, “The Malcolm Shuster Symposium,” Vol. 106, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, June 12-16, 2005.
D’Amario, L., Hoots, F., Howell, K., and Williams, B., Proceedings of the 2005 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Vol. 103, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Lake Tahoe, California, August 2005.
Conference Proceedings, Presentations, Invited Lectures
Pavlak, T., Howell, K.C., and Folta, D.C., “Adaptive Trajectory Design Incorporating Multiple Dynamical Regimes,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August, 2012.
Heritier, A., and Howell, K.C., “Natural Regions Near the Libration Points Suitable to Maintain Multiple Spacecraft,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August, 2012.
Kokini, K., Buzzanell, P., Chapple, C., Hirsch, A., Howell, K., “Diversity Catalysts: Educating the STEM Community on the Way to Institutional Transformation,” Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN), 2012 WEPAN Conference, Columbus, Ohio, June 25-27, 2012.
Folta, D.C., Pavlak, T., Howell, K.C., and Woodfork, M., “Earth-Moon Libration Stationkeeping: Theory, Modeling, and Operations,” 1ST IAA/AAS Conference on the Dynamics and Control of Space Systems, Porto, Portugal, March 19-21, 2012.
Vaquero, M., and Howell, K.C., “Resonant Orbits in the Earth-Moon System,” 1ST IAA/AAS Conference on the Dynamics and Control of Space Systems, Porto, Portugal, March 19-21, 2012.
Chappaz, L., Melosh, H.J., Vaquero, M., and Howell, K.C., “Material Transfer from the Surface of Mars to Phobos and Deimos,” 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, March 19-23 2012.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Flight-Path Control for Solar Sail Spacecraft,” 22nd AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, January 29-February 2, 2012.
Schlei, W., and Howell, K.C., “Visual Analytics and Preliminary Trajectory Design,” 22nd AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, January 29-February 2, 2012.
Knutson, A. and Howell, K.C., “Novel Method to Incorporate Attitude Dynamic Contribution in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem,” 22nd AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, January 29-February 2, 2012.
Chappaz, L., Melosh, H.J., Vaquero, M., and Howell, K.C., “Transfer of Impact Ejecta Material Transfer from the Surface of Mars to Phobos and Deimos,” 22nd AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, January 29-February 2, 2012.
Pavlak, T.A., and Howell, K.C., “Evolution of the Out-of-Plane Amplitude for Quasi-Periodic Trajectories in the Earth-Moon System,” IAF 62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, October 3-7, 2011.
Stuart, J.R., and Howell, K.C., “Trajectory Tour of the Trojan Asteroids Generated via an Optimal Low-Thrust Algorithm,” IAF 62nd International Astronautical Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, October 3-7, 011.
Heritier, A., and Howell, K., “Natural Regions Near the Sun-Earth Libration Points Suitable for Space Observations with Large Formations,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Girdwood, Alaska, July 31-August 4, 2011.
Vaquero, M., and Howell, K., “Poincare Maps and Resonant Orbits in the Restricted Three-Body Problem,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Girdwood, Alaska, July 31-August 4, 2011.
Pavlak, T., and Howell, K.C., “Strategy for Long-Term Libration Point Orbit Stationkeeping in the Earth-Moon System,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Girdwood, Alaska, July 31-August 4, 2011.
Whittinghill, D., Joseph, N., Bertoline, G., Cayon, L., and Howell, K., “Work-in-Progress: 3D stereoscopic visualization as a tool for teaching astronomy concepts,” 2011 Annual Conference, American Society for Engineering Education, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 26-29, 2011.
Howell, K.C., Davis, D. C., and Haapala, A.F., “Application of Periapse Maps for the Design of Trajectories Operating Near the Smaller Primary in Multi-Body Regimes,” 6th International Workshop and Advanced School: “Spacecraft Dynamics and Control,” Research Centre of Aerospace Science and Technology, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal, March 2011.
Short, C.R., Howell, K.C., and Tricoche, X.M., “Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Restricted Three-Body Problem,” 21st AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 2011.
Haapala, A.F., and Howell, K.C., “Trajectory Design Using Poincare Maps and Invariant Manifolds,” 21st AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 2011.
Rausch, R. and Howell, K., “Semi-Autonomous Stationkeeping of Collocated Geostationary Satellites Using Relative Orbit Control,” 6th International Workshop on Satellite Constellation and Formation Flying (IWSCFF 2010), Taipei, Taiwan, November 2010.
Folta, D., Woodard, M., Howell, K., Patterson, C., and Schlei, W., “Applications of Multi-Body Dynamical Environments: The ARTEMIS Transfer Trajectory Design,” IAF 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2010.
Craig Davis, D., and Howell, K., “Long Term Evolution of Trajectories Near the Smaller Primary in the Restricted Problem,” 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, San Diego, California, February 2010.
Folta, D.C., Pavlak, T.A., Howell, K.C., Woodard, M.A., and Woodfork, D.W., “Stationkeeping of Lissajous Trajectories in the Earth-Moon System with Applications to ARTEMIS,” 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, San Diego, California, February 2010.
Olikara, Z.P., and Howell, K.C., “Computation of Quasi-Periodic Invariant Tori in the Restricted Three-Body Problem,” 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, San Diego, California, February 2010.
Marchand, B.G., Scarritt, S.K., Pavlak, T.A., Howell, K.C., and Weeks, M.W., “Investigation of Alternative Return Strategies for Orion Trans-Earth Injection Design Options,” 20th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, San Diego, California, February 2010.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Numerical Methods to Generate Solar Sail Trajectories,” Second International Symposium on Solar Sailing, Brooklyn, New York, July 2010.
Stuart, J., Ozimek, M., and Howell, K.C., “Optimal, Low-Thrust, Path-Constrained Transfers Between Libration Point Orbits Using Invariant Manifolds,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Toronto, Canada, August 2010.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Trajectory Control for a Solar Sail Spacecraft in an Offset Lunar Orbit,” IAF 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2010.
Craig Davis, D., and Howell, K., “Trajectory Evolution in the Multi-Body Problem with Applications in the Saturnian System,” IAF 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2010.
Folta, D., Woodard, M., Howell, K., Patterson, C., and Schlei, W., “Applications of Multi-Body Dynamical Environments: The ARTEMIS Transfer Trajectory Design,” IAF 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, September 2010.
Rausch, R. and Howell, K., “Semi-Autonomous Stationkeeping of Collocated Geostationary Satellites Using Relative Orbit Control,” 6th International Workshop on Satellite Constellation and Formation Flying (IWSCFF 2010), Taipei, Taiwan, November 2010.
Millard, L., and Howell, K., “Agent-Based Modeling Techniques for Control of Satellite Imaging Arrays in Multi-Body Regimes,” IAF 60th International Astronautical Congress, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, October 2009.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., and Howell, K., “Advanced Modeling of Optimal Low-Thrust Pole-Sitter Trajectories,” IAF 60th International Astronautical Congress, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, October 2009.
Ozimek, M., Grebow, D., and Howell, K., “A Collocation Approach for Computing Solar Sail Lunar Pole-Sitter Orbits,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 2009.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “Accessing the Design Space for Solar Sails in the Earth-Moon System,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists Conference, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August 2009.
Meckel et al., “Purdue’s Engineer of 2020: The Journey,” ASEE 2009 Annual Conference and Exposition, Austin, Texas, June 2009.
Folta, D., and Howell, K., “Analysis of Invariant Manifold Intersections for ARTEMIS Mission Design,” SIAM Dynamical Systems Conference, Snowbird, Utah, May 2009.
Vavrina, M., and Howell, K.C., “Multiobjective Optimization of Low-Thrust Trajectories using a Genetic Algorithm Hybrid,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Savannah, Georgia, February 2009.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., and Howell, K.C., “Design of Low-Thrust Lunar Pole-Sitter Missions,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Savannah, Georgia, February 2009.
Millard, L., and Howell, K.C., “Decentralized Optimization for Control of Satellite Imaging Formations in Complex Regimes,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Savannah, Georgia, February 2009.
Wawrzyniak, G., and Howell, K., “The Solar Sail Lunar Relay Station: An Application of Solar Sails in the Earth-Moon System,” IAF 59th International Astronautical Congress, Glasgow, Scotland, September 2008.
Ozimek, M., Grebow, D., and Howell, K., “Solar Sails and Lunar South Pole Coverage,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 2008.
Vavrina, M., and Howell, K., “Global Low-Thrust Trajectory Optimization through Hybridization of a Genetic Algorithm and a Direct Method,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 2008.
Howell, K., and Craig Davis, D., “Spacecraft Trajectory Design Strategies Based on Close Encounters with the Smaller Primary in a 4-Body Model,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 2008.
Millard, L., and Howell, K., “Control of Telescope-Occulter Arrays in Multi-Body Regimes,” AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, August 2008.
“Euler, Libration Point Orbits, and Space Exploration,” Special John V. Breakwell Memorial Lecture, IAF 58th International Astronautical Congress, Hyderabad, India, September 2007.
Howell, K., and Millard, L., “Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Spacecraft Imaging Arrays in Multi-Body Regimes,” IAF 58th International Astronautical Congress, Hyderabad, India, September 2007.
Ozimek, M., and Howell, K., “Low-Thrust Transfers in the Earth-Moon System Including Applications to Libration Point Orbits,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, August 2007.
Craig Davis, D., Patterson, C., and Howell, K., “Solar Gravity Perturbations to Facilitate Long-Term Orbits: Application to Cassini,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, August 2007.
Patterson, C., Kakoi, M., Howell, K., Yam, C., and Longuski, J., “500-year Eccentric Orbits for the Cassini Spacecraft within the Saturnian System,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, August 2007.
Yam, C.H., Davis, D.C., Longuski, J.M., and Howell, K.C., “Saturn Impact Trajectories for Cassini End-of-Life,” AAS 07-257, AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Mackinac Island, Michigan, Aug. 19-23, 2007.
“Mission Design Strategies for Libration Point Applications,” 6th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Zurich, Switzerland, July 16-20, 2007.
Howell, K., Grebow, D., and Olikara, Z., “Design Using Gauss’ Perturbing Equations With Applications to Lunar South Pole Coverage,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Sedona, Arizona, January 2007.
Millard, L. and Howell, K., “Control of Interferometric Satellite Arrays for (u,v) Plane Coverage in Multi-Body Regimes,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Sedona, Arizona, January 2007.
Howell, K. and Millard, L., “Control of Satellite Imaging Formations in Multi-Body Regimes,” IAF 57th International Astronautical Congress, Valencia, Spain, October 2006, Paper No. IAC-06-C1.8.01.
“Visualization in Mission Design,” International Conference in New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications, NASA Headquarters and Princeton University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, August 16-18, 2006.
“Multi-Body Mission Design and Visualization,” University of Missouri at Rolla, April 2006.
Grebow, D., Ozimek, M., Howell, K., and Folta, D., “Multi-Body Orbit Architectures for Lunar South Pole Coverage,” AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Tampa, Florida, January 2006.
“Spacecraft Mission Design within the Context of High Performance Computing and Visualization,” SuperComputing|05, International Conference for High Performance Computing Networking and Storage, Seattle, Washington, November 2005.
Howell, K.C., and Kakoi, M., “Transfers between the Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth Systems Using Manifolds and Transit Orbits,” IAF 56th International Astronautical Congress, Kukuoka, Japan, October 2005, Paper No. IAC-05-C1.6.01.
Marchand, B.G., Howell, K.C., and Betts, J.T., “Discrete Optimal Control for S/C Formation Keeping Near the Libration Points,” AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference, Lake Tahoe, California, August 2005.
2004 Brouwer Award Invited Lecture, “Theory of Orbits: Epicycles to Chaos,” AAS/AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, January 24, 2005.
Ty Lee
Ty Lee is a systems architecture engineer at Maxar Space Solutions, starting in 2014 as a propulsion R&D engineer, and now currently working as the systems engineering lead for Maxar’s Power and Propulsion Element. Ty received a BS from the University of California at San Diego’s aerospace engineering program in 2012, and received his MS from the University of California at Irvine’s mechanical and aerospace engineering department in 2014.
Ty was the technical lead on Maxar’s Power and Propulsion Element proposal efforts, and led the Maxar team during an initial study to define a concept for the Power and Propulsion Element based on a very high power solar electric propulsion spacecraft. He has extensive experience in electric propulsion engineering at Maxar as project manager and technical lead on multiple recent solar electric propulsion projects. This includes development of the EP-1350 subsystem based around the Safran PPS 1350 Hall-effect thruster, including development of a modified power processor with multimode capability, thruster pointing arm, and flight procurement of PPS 1350-S thrusters. Ty led the development of SSL’s Hall-effect thruster pointing arm mechanism for Maxar’s first all-electric spacecraft, which launched in 2019. Additionally, he has been involved in development and testing of the EP-140 system for high power electric propulsion systems based on a 4.5kW thruster, as well as a development program for a 5kW class magnetically shielded Hall-effect thruster.
Hans Koenigsmann
Dr. Hans Koenigsmann leads the Build and Flight Reliability Team at SpaceX. In this role, he is the executive leader of SpaceX’s quality engineering and process development teams. He also oversees the launch readiness process during launch campaigns. He provides an independent assessment of launch risks, identifying and resolving anomalies during integration and launch itself. The Reliability teams resolve all major anomalies, evaluate and mitigate risk and perform hazard analyses and other functions on the vehicle system level.
He has more than 25 years of experience designing, developing and building complex avionics and guidance, navigation and control (GNC) systems for launch vehicles and satellites. As a member of SpaceX from the company’s inception in 2002, Hans built up the avionics, software and GNC departments and developed the launch readiness process currently in use during each launch campaign. He also designed the SpaceX risk mitigation process and initiated the risk database, establishing a similar process for system-level changes to the vehicle and ground systems. Dr. Koenigsmann was the Chief Avionics Architect of the Falcon 1 and early Falcon 9 efforts, and he is a key member of the small, core group of SpaceX engineers responsible for operating these vehicles on the launch pad and in orbit. He served as Launch Chief Engineer for the last 3 Falcon 1 missions and for most Falcon 9 flights to date.
Hans’ experience includes the development of two suborbital and two orbital launchers, as well as several satellite projects and attitude control systems. He served as head of the Space Technology Division of Germany’s ZARM at the University of Bremen, where he was responsible for the development and operation of the satellite BREM-SAT. Following this experience, Hans worked for Microcosm as Chief Scientist and Flight Systems Manager for their suborbital vehicles.
Hans has a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering and Production from the University of Bremen and a Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from the Technical University of Berlin.
AboutSpaceX
SpaceX designs, manufactures, and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. The company was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk to revolutionize space technology, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets. Today, SpaceX is advancing the boundaries of space technology through its Falcon launch vehicles and Dragon spacecraft. The company has more than 6,000 employees across locations, including its headquarters in Hawthorne, CA; launch facilities at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL; Kennedy Space Center, FL; and Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA; a rocket development facility in McGregor, TX; and offices in Redmond, WA; Irvine, CA; Houston, TX; Chantilly, VA; and Washington, DC. SpaceX has suppliers in all 50 states. For more information, visit www.spacex.com.
Jim Maser
Jim Maser is Senior Vice President of Aerojet Rocketdyne’s Space Business Unit. In this role, he is responsible for leading the design, development, test and manufacturing for launch and space propulsion systems.
Mr. Maser has more than 32 years of global aerospace experience and leadership, spanning entrepreneurial space launch, human spaceflight as well as commercial and military jet engines. He previously served as president of James G. Advisors, LLC, a strategy, leadership and technical execution consulting firm. Prior to that, he held a number of roles within Pratt & Whitney between 2006 and 2017, including vice president of the F135 engine program and president of Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, where he was responsible for the design, manufacture and performance of power and propulsion systems across numerous platforms.
A long-time leader in the aerospace industry, Mr. Maser has extensive experience in program management, design and engineering leadership. Beginning with the Boeing Delta and Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle programs in structural design, he became lead of advanced studies in systems integration and was one of the key architects of the evolution of Delta II to Delta IV. In 1998, he transitioned to chief engineer of Sea Launch. Before joining McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) in the 1980s, he was a research fellow at NASA/Lewis (now Glenn) Research Center.
Mr. Maser graduated magna cum laude from the University of Akron with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering and a Master of Science in Engineering. He later received a Master of Business Administration from the University of California, Los Angeles. In 2000, the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) honored him with its George M. Low Space Transportation Award.
Additionally, he serves on the board of trustees and is the immediate past president of AIAA. He previously served on the board of directors of the Space Foundation as well as the California Chamber of Commerce.
Jeff Foote
As vice president of NASA Programs, Jeff Foote is responsible for the execution and financial performance of Northrop Grumman’s critical NASA programs, including the largest solid rocket motors in the world for use on NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) and the propulsion for the Orion Launch Abort System (LAS).
Foote has 32 years of engineering and leadership experience in the aerospace industry and energy sector. He began his career as a structural engineer with Hercules Aerospace in 1984 and has held various leadership positions of increasing responsibility. As president and general manager of the company’s Propulsion Division, Foote was responsible for integrating all space launch solid rocket motor manufacturing at Promontory and Bacchus, operations management and program management for NASA’s space shuttle booster and managing all operations to achieve continually lower labor and supplier costs. As vice president of the Aerospace group, Foote led the capture of over 90 percent of the U.S. market share in solid propulsion, doubled the sales to international customers and achieved the Boeing Gold Supplier Award for both propulsion and launch structures businesses.
Foote’s leadership positions in the energy sector include vice president of Communications and Enterprise Solutions at Flying J Inc., president of Longhorn Pipeline, and most recently, director of Pipeline Integrity Technology at TD Williamson, where he headed the engineering development and manufacturing of pipeline inspections systems and data analysis software.
A native of Delaware, Foote earned a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Delaware and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Utah.
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W. Michael Hawes
W. Michael Hawes, DSc, is the Vice President Human Space Exploration and Orion Program Manager for Lockheed Martin Space. Dr. Hawes joined Lockheed Martin in July 2011 after concluding a 33-year career with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and was selected to head up Lockheed Martin’s Orion Program Office in 2014.
Prior to joining the Orion Program, he served as the Director for Human Space Flight Programs withLockheed Martin’s Washington Operations organization. In this role he was responsible for representing the Human Space Flight/ Space Systems Company organization with the Administration and the congress.
During his 33 year career with NASA, Dr. Hawes served as the Associate Administrator for Independent Program and Cost Evaluation (IPCE) where he was responsible for providing objective studies and analyses in support of policy, program, and budget decisions by the NASA Administrator. He also served as the Deputy Associate Administrator for Program Integration in the Office of Space Operations at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, and supported the Space Shuttle Program focusing on Return to Flight actions as well as the transition and disposition of Space Shuttle assets following the program’s conclusion.
In addition, Dr. Hawes served as the Deputy Associate Administrator, International Space Station (ISS) and Program Director for the ISS at NASA Headquarters where he directed the space station budget; established and implemented station policy and coordinated external communications; and liaison activities with the Administration, congress, industry and the station’s international partners. During his tenure with the ISS Program, 13 Space Shuttle assembly mission were completed, the critical Russian Service Module launched, the first five Expedition crew launches were accomplished. All assembly missions were completed successfully as major components were integrated in space without ever seeing their counter parts on the ground.
Dr. Hawes received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1978 and Masters and Doctor of Science of Engineering Management degrees from the George Washington University in 1996 and 2006 respectively. He is also a graduate in Program Management from the Defense Systems Management College, Ft. Belvoir, Va.
Douglas Cooke
Doug Cooke is an aerospace consultant with over 45 years’ experience in human space flight programs, advising companies and the government on program strategies, program management, contract proposal development, strategic planning and technical matters. In 2011 Doug Cooke retired as Associate Administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), having been assigned to this position in 2008. As Associate Administrator, he was responsible for the Constellation, Space Launch System (SLS), the Orion crew vehicle, Ground Systems Development and Operations, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, Commercial Cargo and Crew, Human Research and Exploration Technology Programs. The development programs were responsible for design and building flight vehicles and hardware systems for human exploration into deep space, including the Moon, Near Earth Asteroids, Mars and its moons and other destinations. The research programs developed critical technologies, new capabilities, and human research to support future human spacecraft and exploration missions. Responsibilities also included partnering with industry to develop commercial vehicles for cargo and crew transportation to and from low Earth orbit and the International Space Station. In his last year at NASA, Doug Cooke led the directorate and program teams in the analysis, designs and establishment of the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle and the Space Launch System. He personally presented the proposals at agency level meetings, where the administrator approved these programs.
Doug Cooke has 38 years of unique experience at NASA, with 32 years at Johnson Space Center and 6 at NASA Headquarters. He held significant responsibilities during critical periods of the Space Shuttle, Space Station and Exploration Programs, including top management positions in all three programs.
Doug Cooke’s first major challenge began in 1975 when he was tasked with defining and implementing the entry aerodynamic flight test program for the Space Shuttle. He led this effort through the Approach and Landing Tests in 1977, and initial orbital flights of the Space Shuttle beginning in 1981 through 1984, opening flight constraints to meet entry design specifications.
Doug Cooke led the Analysis Office when the Space Station Program Office was first organized in 1984 at the Johnson Space Center. He led the work that defined the Space Station configuration, many of its design details, technical attributes and requirements.
Following the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, Doug Cooke was assigned to the Space Shuttle Program Office. He helped lead a Civil Service and contractor team to provide the system engineering and integration function that resulted in the return of the Space Shuttle to flight on September 29, 1988. He reached the position of Deputy Manager of the Space Shuttle Engineering Integration Office.
Doug Cooke has played a pivotal role in planning for human space exploration into deep space beginning in 1989. He helped to lead a NASA team that produced the “90 Day Study” on lunar and Mars exploration. He was subsequently assigned to the Synthesis Group led by Lt. General Tom Stafford, Gemini and Apollo Astronaut. The team produced a report for the White House entitled “America at the Threshold: America’s Space Exploration Initiative.” Doug Cooke was selected to be the Manager of the Exploration Programs Office at JSC, where he initiated and led NASA agency-wide studies for the human return to the Moon, and exploration of Mars.
In March of 1993, the agency undertook the redesign of Space Station Freedom. Doug Cooke was assigned the responsibility of leading the engineering and technical aspects of the redesign. He was subsequently chosen to serve in the Space Station Program Office as Vehicle Manager, leading and managing the design, hardware development and systems engineering and integration for the International Space Station. From April to December of 1996, He served as Deputy Manager of the Space Station Program Office.
In 1996, strategic emphasis was again placed on NASA planning for human exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. Doug Cooke served as manager for the Advanced Development Office at the Johnson Space Center. He provided NASA leadership for the planning of human missions beyond Earth orbit; including the Moon, Mars, libration points, and asteroids. This team developed integrated human and robotic mission objectives, defined investment strategies for exploration technologies, and managed NASA exploration mission architecture analyses. He was detailed to NASA headquarters during portions of this period to contribute to headquarters level strategies for human exploration.
In 2003, Doug Cooke served as NASA technical advisor to the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation Board from the time of the accident to the publishing of the report. He made significant contributions to forensic analysis of the Columbia debris and to the education of the Investigation Board in various aspects of the Shuttle design, program, operations and interpretation of investigation data.
Doug Cooke served as Deputy Associate Administrator for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, from 2004 until 2008. In 2008 he became Associate Administrator. He made significant contributions to the structuring of its human exploration programs, defining the program content, budget planning and providing technical and programmatic leadership. Doug Cooke also led the efforts to define long term NASA field center assignments for hardware development and operational responsibilities. He was the Source Selection Authority for the major exploration contract competitions. In this role he successfully selected the companies who have been on contract for SLS, Orion and Commercial Cargo. He initiated and led the team of international space agencies in development of the Global Exploration Strategy activity, which resulted in the establishment of the International Space Exploration Coordination Group and the release of the Global Exploration Roadmap.
Doug Cooke’s many awards include the SES Presidential Distinguished Rank Award, the SES Presidential Meritorious Rank Award, NASA Distinguished Service Medal, two NASA Exceptional Achievement Medals, the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, two JSC Certificates of Commendation, the first Texas A&M Outstanding Aerospace Engineer Alumni Award, the Space Transportation Association Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2017 Werner Von Braun Astronautics Engineer Award. Most recently, in 2018, he was awarded the Texas A&M Distinguished Aerospace Engineering Alumni Award. Doug Cooke is a graduate of Texas A&M University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering.
Doug Cooke is Associate Administrator for the Office of Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate is responsible for managing the development of flight hardware systems for future support of the International Space Station and the exploration of the moon, Mars and beyond. This includes development of lunar robotic precursors, critical technologies and human research to support future human spacecraft and exploration missions.
Mr. Cooke has over 35 years of unique experience in the Space Shuttle, Space Station, and Exploration Programs. He has been assigned significant responsibilities during critical periods of each of these, including top management positions in all three programs.
Mr. Cooke’s first major challenge began in 1975 when he was tasked with defining and implementing an entry aerodynamic flight test program for the Space Shuttle. This program was successfully implemented during the Approach and Landing Tests in 1977, and early orbital flights of the Space Shuttle beginning in 1981 through 1984.
Mr. Cooke was asked to lead the Analysis Office when the Space Station Program Office was first organized in 1984. He accepted the challenge and led the work that defined the Space Station configuration and many of its design details and technical attributes.
Following the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, Mr. Cooke was assigned to the Space Shuttle Program Office. He helped lead a Civil Service and contractor team to provide the system engineering and integration function that resulted in the return of the Space Shuttle to flight on September 29, 1988. He reached the position of Deputy Manager of the NSTS Engineering Integration Office.
Mr. Cooke has played a pivotal role in planning for future space exploration beginning in 1989. He helped to lead a NASA team that produced the “90 Day Study” on lunar and Mars exploration. Mr. Cooke was subsequently assigned to the Synthesis Group led by Lt. General Tom Stafford, Gemini and Apollo Astronaut. The team produced a report for the White House entitled “America at the Threshold: America’s Space Exploration Initiative.” Mr. Cooke was selected to be the Manager of the Exploration Programs Office under then Exploration Associate Administrator Michael Griffin, where he initiated and led NASA agency-wide studies for the human return to the Moon, and exploration of Mars.
In March of 1993, the agency undertook the redesign of Space Station Freedom. Mr. Cooke was assigned the responsibility of leading the engineering and technical aspects of the redesign. He was subsequently chosen to serve in the Space Station Program Office as Vehicle Manager, leading and managing the hardware development and systems engineering and integration for the International Space Station. From April to December of 1996, Mr. Cooke served as Deputy Manager of the Space Station Program.
Prior to his current appointment to NASA Headquarters, Mr. Cooke served as manager for the Advanced Development Office at the Johnson Space Center, Houston. Mr. Cooke provided leadership for the planning of human missions beyond Earth orbit; including the Moon, Mars, libration points, and asteroids. This team developed integrated human and robotic mission objectives, defined investment strategies for exploration technologies, and managed NASA exploration mission architecture analyses. Mr. Cooke was detailed to NASA headquarters during portions of this period to contribute to headquarters level strategies for human exploration.
Mr. Cooke served as NASA technical advisor to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board from the time of the accident to the publishing of the report.
Prior to his current assignment Mr. Cooke served as Deputy Associate Administrator for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate. He has made significant contributions to the structuring of its programs, defining the program content, and providing technical leadership. He initiated and led the development of the Global Exploration Strategy activity that led to defined themes and objectives for lunar exploration. International, science, industry, and entrepreneurial communities were engaged, and they contributed to the development and shaping of these themes and objectives. He has led and guided the development of the planned lunar exploration mission approach and architecture. Mr. Cooke has also led the efforts to define long term NASA field center assignments for lunar hardware development and operational responsibilities. He has been the Source Selection Authority for the major exploration contract competitions. In this role he has successfully selected the companies who will develop the next human spaceflight vehicle, composed of the Orion spacecraft and Ares I rocket.
Mr. Cooke is a graduate of Texas A&M University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering.
Major Awards: SES Presidential Distinguished Rank Award- 2006, SES Presidential Meritorious Rank Award- 1998, NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal- 2003, NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal- 2002, NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal- 1997, NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal- 1993, NASA Exceptional Service Medal- 1988, JSC Certificate of Commendation- 1986, JSC Certificate of Commendation- 1983
Franklin Chang Diaz
Dr. Franklin Chang Díaz @franklinchangd is Chairman and CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company a US firm developing advanced plasma rocket technology and applications in sustainable energy with operations in Webster, Texas and Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Dr. Chang Díaz founded Ad Astra in 2005, after a 25-year career as a NASA astronaut. A veteran of 7 space missions, he has logged over 1,600 hours in space, including 19 hours in three space walks. In 1994, in conjunction with astronaut training at NASA, he founded and directed the Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory (ASPL) at the Johnson Space Center to develop the physics of the VASIMR® rocket engine. Dr. Chang Díaz holds a PhD degree in applied plasma physics from MIT and a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Connecticut. He is Adjunct Professor of Physics at Rice University and the University of Houston.